Name: Channelization_191

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Description: Humans have been altering the coast of Georgia since the earliest inhabitants arrived in the Pleistocene, and anthropogenic disturbance accelerated with the advent of European settlement. Since the 18th century, wetlands in Georgia have been filled, drained, impounded, excavated, armored, and channelized, and thousands of acres have been lost. Wetlands continue to be modified in the present time, as wetlands are managed for mosquito and flood control, bisected and filled for causeways, armored against erosion, dredged for transportation, and utilized as confined disposal facilities. This project was developed by the University of Georgia Marine Extension Service Shellfish Research Laboratory on behalf of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources Coastal Resources Division to identify, assess, and inventory wetlands that have been impacted by human activities in Chatham, Bryan, Glynn, and Camden counties. The project area included all estuarine and marine wetlands, as defined by Cowardin et al. (1979) and delineated by the National Wetland Inventory (PBS&J, 2009), located to the east of Interstate-95 or Highway 17, whichever was farthest west, to the Atlantic coast of the barrier islands. Impacted wetland types include wetlands that have been impounded, drained, excavated, channelized, filled, vegetation removal, saltwater intrusion, sedimentation, spoil islands, spoil mounds, and unknown. Wetlands observed to be structurally altered by human activities were encapsulated holistically by the polygon "Impact_type_" and the approximate area calculated, which would require further study to be comprehensive. Channelization, causeways, armoring, sewer outfall locations, NPDES permit locations, and culverts are ubiquitous features that may not be represented in "Impact_type_." Drained, impounded and excavated feature classes do not stand alone, and will always be contained within the greater polygon "Impact_type_." Field visits were conducted to ground truth impacted types in order to correlate features observed in images with actual features on the ground. The nature of wetland alteration is complex and varied, and the goal of this project was to create an inventory to serve as an initial evaluation of impact types, locations, and the approximate areal extent.

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Copyright Text: Shelly Krueger

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